Springfield, IL – They hide under logs, slip into caves, and only emerge under the cover of darkness — yet they’re living all around Illinois. With their smooth skin, silent movements, and uncanny ability to regrow lost body parts, salamanders might be the most mysterious residents of the state’s wild places.
According to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, about 20 salamander species live in Illinois, from mudpuppies and newts to rare sirens. Most are nocturnal, preferring damp, shaded hiding spots such as under rocks or in burrows. Some, like axolotls and olms, never leave the water at all.
Despite their lizard-like look, salamanders are amphibians, more closely related to frogs than reptiles. They breathe not just through lungs but also through their skin — a trait that makes them extremely sensitive to pollution. Experts say salamanders are often the first animals to vanish from a damaged ecosystem.
One of their most remarkable abilities is regeneration. Species like the axolotl can regrow tails, limbs, and even portions of their heart, spine, brain, and eyes. But it’s not instant — some take up to two years to fully replace a lost tail.
To survive predators, salamanders rely on a mix of speed, camouflage, and skin secretions that taste bad — or in some cases, can make attackers vomit. Their bright colors often serve as a warning to avoid them altogether.
And while they’re prey for many animals, salamanders are hunters themselves, feeding on worms, slugs, snails, and even small mammals. Using sharp teeth or quick tongue strikes, they quietly stalk slow-moving targets in the shadows.
If you want to glimpse one, experts suggest a patient night walk near streams or ponds. Just keep your flashlight low — and your eyes open.
This article was produced by a journalist and may include AI-assisted input. All content is reviewed for accuracy and fairness.
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