News
10 promising ways to ‘green’ offshore wind
10 promising ways to ‘green’ offshore wind. Originally published by Mongabay.
By Sean Mowbray · 2026-09-15T09:05:08.846Z
Read the stories in Mongabay’s series on offshore wind energy: Part One https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/offshore winds clean energy potential remains largely untapped say experts/ , Part Two https://news.mongabay.com/2026/07/scaling up offshore wind requires overcoming global and local challenges/ and Part Three https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/offshore wind may be good for the climate but can it be good for the ocean too/ . Offshore wind has enormous potential as a source of renewable energy https://news.mongabay.com/2026/05/the most underfunded climate opportunities may be at sea/ and is tipped to greatly expand in the next few decades https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/offshore winds clean energy potential remains largely untapped say experts/ . As this clean energy drive gathers pace, experts underline that new wind farms must be developed responsibly https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/offshore wind may be good for the climate but can it be good for the ocean too/ to minimize harm to ecosystems and support biodiversity. Mongabay spoke to experts to identify promising solutions that can make offshore wind farms work with nature, rather than against it. https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp content/uploads/sites/20/2026/04/27140538/GRAPHIC 1 b 2026 021 AA MarineWind v9 Figure 1b scaled.jpg 1. Marine spatial planning during site selection The best way to avoid negative impacts of offshore wind farms is to carefully select sites using marine spatial planning https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/harnessing offshore wind while preserving the seas . “That’s step one,” Marjolein Kelder, senior project manager at The Rich North Sea, a Netherlands based nonprofit, told Mongabay in an interview. “Don’t put wind farms in your ecologically most valuable areas or in bird migration corridors.” Spatial planning can ensure ecosystems are preserved, account for the needs of coastal communities, and reduce conflicts with other uses of marine areas, like fisheries and shipping. Organizations are also developing “sensitivity” maps for species of birds and bats to aid planning. 2. Nature friendly structures Research https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969725016134 shows that wind farms can act as refuges for some marine species. Modifying wind farm structures can provide additional important habitat for fish and other marine life. Strategies include deploying artificial reefs, installing or using existing intentional gaps called water replenishment holes https://www.wur.nl/en/news/water exchange openings linked distinct marine communities inside offshore wind foundations that are built into turbine foundations to allow the flow of water, deploying steel habitat cages https://www.oceanwinds.com/news/uncategorized/ocean winds celebrates the installation of biohuts at its efgl project becoming the worlds first nature inclusive floating offshore wind farm/ that imitate a nursery environment or modifying rocks used for scour protection. 3. Habitat restoration Artificial reefs and other interventions could help restore heavily disturbed or depleted areas. Pilot projects are underway to seed oyster larvae on https://www.nature.org/en us/newsroom/topping collaboration launch/ to rocks used for https://www.nature.org/en us/newsroom/topping collaboration launch/ scour protection at wind farms in the North Sea. If successful, that could help the ecosystem’s depleted oyster reefs recover. Sea sponges could potentially be distributed https://offshorebiotech.com/news %26 insights/f/restoring deep water sponge ecosystems a key to ocean health in a similar way to help restore ecosystems. “Seeding substrates with marine life makes sense,” Chris Gillies, a marine biologist and founder of Offshore Biotechnologies https://offshorebiotech.com/ , a consultancy based in Australia, told Mongabay in an interview. “Where these pilots need to go is start to work in with construction as opposed to post construction.” Noise during construction can harm marine species. New construction techniques https://www.spinergie.com/blog/how the offshore wind sector mitigates noise pollution , such as jetting https://orsted.com/en/media/news/2024/07/orsted successfully pilots new technology that fur 13959650 , which uses a stream of high pressure water to enable a turbine’s monopile foundation to sink into the seabed, can reduce noise compared to traditional methods like pile driving. Other solutions include using bubble curtains, devices that jet air to block soundwaves during construction, or sound dampeners that have a similar effect using gas filled balloons. 5. Non price criteria Building on marine spatial planning, experts point to policy interventions like considering so called “ non price criteria https://offshore coalition.eu/wp content/uploads/2025/09/Med OCEaN Statement on Non Price Criteria.pdf ” during the wind farm auction and permitting process. This adds an environmental or social dimension to decision making that encourages developers to include actions to mitigate harm or benefit biodiversity in their plans. Selecting projects based on these criteria, and not just price alone, can drive innovation; some European countries like France and the Netherlands are already doing so. “We see this as a key lever to accelerate innovation around nature inclusive design,” Louise Combret, renewable energy policy associate at The Nature Conservancy, told Mongabay in an interview. 6. Design and circular innovations Applying circular economy principles https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/06/how can offshore wind be a climate solution and contribute to a nature positive transition/ could cut material use and costs, and improve wind turbines’ environmental footprint. Some companies are deploying recyclable blades to reduce waste. Other interventions include extending the lifespan of turbine foundations by innovating with materials and reusing them when turbines reach the end of their life or leaving scour protection in place after decommissioning to avoid disturbing habitat. Meanwhile, a newly developed fixed foundation https://www.empireengineering.co.uk/does the monopile transition piece have a future in offshore wind/ eliminates the need for a so called “transition piece” that joins the turbine tower to the monopile in current designs. This reduces the amount of steel used and cuts construction and maintenance costs. “It’s like a really disruptive solution that saves cost, and is also an environmental improvement,” Anne Velenturf, a circular economy researcher at the University of Leeds in the U.K., told Mongabay. 7. Using ‘green’ materials Like all renewable energy infrastructure, offshore wind turbines have a carbon footprint. This is highest for steel and concrete https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652626003756 , which are among the most carbon intensive materials. Using “green” or low carbon steel and other strategies such as carefully selecting foundation types to use less material can reduce associated emissions. 8. Warding off collisions Birds and bats colliding with wind turbines is a major environmental concern. Painting blades so they are easily visible is one potential solution, but research on its impact is mixed. Experts also recommend conservation compensation — when project developers support habitat protection or other conservation action — in cases where offshore wind farms negatively affect bird or bat populations. 9. Monitoring offshore wind impacts Many of the potential impacts of offshore wind farms remain unknown and long term studies are still lacking. Experts have called for consistent assessment and monitoring https://www.port.ac.uk/news events and blogs/news/call for better monitoring and mitigation of offshore wind turbines of impacts to fill knowledge gaps, particularly as farms expand across the globe. Studies should span a minimum of three to five years https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/82/3/fsae017/7615607 and monitoring efforts should be in place for the entirety of a wind farm’s lifespan, experts say. “If you really want to understand how these structures might influence ecosystems, including fish, then these studies need to be done over much longer periods,” Anthony Bicknell, a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in the U.K., told Mongabay. Floating wind turbines remain a nascent technology with only a few small scale projects in place. By sidestepping installed foundations, they potentially have lower environmental impacts from noise and seafloor disturbances compared to traditional fixed bottom turbines, but studies are limited. Floating wind presents its own challenges, with potential for marine species such as sharks, turtles and whales to become entangled on anchor lines and cables. Steps to mitigate this include avoiding siting floating wind farms in migration corridors, configuring cable design to reduce entanglement risk, and installing continuous monitoring technology. Banner image: Offshore wind turbines at Noshiro Port, Japan. Image by 掬茶 via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Offshore wind farms photographed at the Port of Noshiro, at sunset 20220728.jpg CC BY SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by sa/4.0/deed.en . Offshore wind may be good for the climate but can it be good for the ocean, too? https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/offshore wind may be good for the climate but can it be good for the ocean too/ Scaling up offshore wind requires overcoming global and local challenges https://news.mongabay.com/2026/07/scaling up offshore wind requires overcoming global and local challenges/ Offshore wind’s clean energy potential remains largely untapped, say experts https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/offshore winds clean energy potential remains largely untapped say experts/ Fitkov Norris, B., Witt, M. J., … Simmons, B. I. 2025 . Offshore wind farms act as de facto marine reserves. Science of The Total Environment , 994 , 179973. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179973 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179973 Bolson, N., Pryce, L., … Cha, W. 2026 . Material and carbon intensity of offshore wind foundations for sustainable infrastructure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 547 , 147836. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147836 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147836 Methratta, E. T. 2025 . Ecological indicators to monitor offshore wind interactions with fisheries resources. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 82 3 , fsae017. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsae017 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae017